According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), 10 – 20% of couples in the United States are affected by unexplained infertility. Unexplained infertility is diagnosed when a couple has been unable to conceive after a year of regular unprotected intercourse with no clear identifiable cause for infertility. Although the causes of infertility are difficult to pinpoint in unexplained infertility cases, some potential problems with the following may play a role:
- Egg Quality
- Sperm Health
- Fertilization and Embryo Development
- Tubal Function and Implantation
- Genetics
- Immune Factors
- Lifestyle and Environmental Factors
Egg Quality: Although the quantity of a woman’s eggs can be measured, egg quality is harder to assess. Poor egg quality can interfere with fertilization and embryo development.
Sperm Health: Standard semen analyses may not detect all potential sperm abnormalities such as issues with DNA fragmentation or other microscopic defects that could be contributing factors.
Fertilization and Embryo Development: Problems during the fertilization process or early embryo development might not be easily identifiable through routine tests.
Tubal Function and Implantation: Even if the fallopian tubes appear open, there can be issues in the tubal function or the embryo’s ability to implant in the uterus can result in infertility.
Genetics: Genetic abnormalities in both men and women can make conceiving more difficult and increase the chances of a miscarriage. Some examples of these genetic issues include chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, chromosomal microdeletions, and inherited genetic disorders.
Immune Factors: Some couples may have immune system responses that hinder conception and the ability to get pregnant.
Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Factors including stress, diet, environmental toxins, and overall health can impact fertility, though these influences may not always be apparent.
For couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility, the path to parenthood remains attainable. Fertility treatments, including medications and in vitro fertilization (IVF), can significantly enhance the chances of conception. Seeking help from both a reproductive endocrinologist and a reproductive urologist ensures comprehensive care, addressing both female and male fertility perspectives.
