A common misconception is that infertility is only an issue on the woman’s side. However, 22% of infertility cases are attributed to male factor while an additional 30% to 40% include both male and female factors. Evaluation of the male partner can diagnose and treat reversible hormonal, anatomical, and genetic conditions in which assisted reproductive technology (ART) using the male partner’s sperm can be performed to improve the chances of pregnancy. For irreversible conditions, donor insemination may be an option. The best infertility care requires an in depth knowledge of how the female and male reproductive systems work together. At AFRM, reproductive endocrinologists and reproductive urologists work as a team to improve the fertility outcome for the couple as a whole. Our unique, comprehensive care approach within the same practice, allows our physicians to prescribe combination treatment options including in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplastmic sperm (ICSI), IVF/ICSI, intrauterine insemination (IUI), sperm retrieval, varicocele repair, vasectomy reversal, donor egg IVF, and donor sperm for IVF or intrauterine insemination (IUI). Comprehensive couple care is important especially for complex cases such as non-obstructive azoospermia, where there is deficiency of sperm in the semen without blockage in the male anatomy. A very specialized procedure known as microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) offers the chance to find microscopic pockets of sperm production within the testicle in the majority of men in this difficult circumstance. The extracted sperm can be used in combination with IVF to help couples conceive. This is a very different process than the simple sperm retrieval which is performed for men with blockages (vasectomy or other anatomic obstruction) that requires a very high level of expertise for acceptable success rates. Dr. Parviz Kavoussi has fellowship specialty training in microTESE, is the only surgeon in Austin with such training, and has excellent success rates in such technically demanding sperm retrievals. In addition to improving a couple’s chances of having a baby, our comprehensive evaluations benefit patients from an overall health standpoint. Men with sexual function issues may be impacted by health risks such as high cholesterol, low testosterone, and cancer.